Accelerations before and after variable deceleration are called the shoulders of deceleration. Their presence indicates that the fetus is not yet hypoxic and adapts to the reduction of blood flow. Variable delays can sometimes be resolved when the nut changes position. The presence of persistent variable delays indicates the need for close monitoring. Variable delays without shoulders are more worrisome, as it suggests that the fetus is becoming hypoxic. Doctors can quantify intrauterine pressure using Montevideo units, a type of measurement used to determine whether labor is progressing appropriately. In 1949, Roberto Caldeyro-Barcia, an obstetrician in Uruguay, developed Montevideo units in Montevideo, Uruguay. Montevideo units are calculated by subtracting the output pressure of a uterus from the pressure of the uterus at its highest point during each contraction over a period of ten minutes and summarizing the pressure. If the sum is about two hundred montevideo units, the work progresses appropriately. If the contractions are significantly less than two hundred Montevideo units, they are not strong enough to dilate the cervix, which allows the fetus to enter the birth canal. In this case, a doctor can induce labor with pitocin, a drug that mimics the natural hormones that trigger labor. The clip of the fetal scalp has 2 colored threads attached. The wires are connected to the cable attached to the woman`s thigh with a small conduction device (about the size of a matchbox).
The cable is then connected to the monitor and a typical CTG reading is printed on paper and/or stored on a computer for future reference. The use of CTG and a computer network allows continuous remote monitoring: a single nurse, midwife or doctor can observe the CTG traces of several patients simultaneously via a computer station. After nine months of peaceful hovering in a warm, comfortable womb, babies can be stressed by uterine contractions and tight thrusts through the mother`s pelvis during childbirth. Electronic fetal monitoring technology came to market in the 1960s and 1970s, but had to undergo reliability testing before hospitals and clinics began using it. Electronic fetal monitors provided a graph (first on a paper print and later on a computer screen) showing how a fetus` heart rate reacted to contractions. CIUs measure uterine contractions in two ways. A type of IUPC has a column that connects a balloon in the shell of the fruit to an external pressure monitor, a device that converts pressure into an electrical signal. In the second type of IUPC, doctors place the pressure gauge directly into the uterus and electronically record the intrauterine pressure. All fetuses experience stress during the labor process, as a result of uterine contractions, which reduce fetal perfusion. While fetal stress is to be expected during labor, the challenge is to absorb pathological fetal loads. During the push phase of labor, the monitor can accurately signal the beginning and end of each contraction.
It can also be completely eliminated during this phase so that it does not affect your concentration. Instead, you will be monitored regularly with a Doppler. When you look at the screen, the fetal heart rate is usually at the top and the contractions at the bottom. When the machine prints graphic paper, you can see the fetal heart rate on the left and contractions on the right. On the left side of the image above, you will see a y-axis in each of the graphs. The blue indicator indicates the mark of the fetal heart rate. These are beats per minute (bpm) measured in increments of 10 with markers every 30 beats. Doctors can measure intrauterine pressure outside, on the abdomen or inside the uterus.
External monitors placed on the abdomen can detect the length and frequency of contractions during labor. However, readings obtained from external monitors are affected by the movement of the pregnant woman during labor, gestational age (the number of weeks a woman has been pregnant) and the position of the monitor on the abdomen. Doctors should also reposition external monitors throughout the work. Internal monitors, such as the IUPC, are able to collect more accurate readings because they directly detect conditions in the uterus. IUPCs can also quantify the strength of a contraction, unlike external monitors that only measure the duration and frequency of contractions. CtG monitoring is often used to assess the well-being of the fetus by identifying babies at risk of hypoxia (lack of oxygen). [2] CTG is mainly used during work. One review found that in the prenatal phase (before birth) there is no evidence that monitoring women with high-risk pregnancies benefits the mother or baby, although research on this is old and should be interpreted with caution.
[3] Current research is needed to provide more information on this practice. [3] If you fall into this category and you and your baby progress normally, you probably won`t be connected to an electronic fetal monitor for the duration of your labor. If you suffer from CTG before going to labour, you may be asked to press a button on the machine every time the baby moves. At this point, you don`t have any contractions, so the CTG only monitors the baby`s heart rate. Wondering if electronic fetal monitoring will be necessary for you – or do you hope to avoid it altogether? Talk to your doctor about your options. Doctors also use UIC in preparation for amnioinfusion therapy, a technique used during labor in response to fetal stress. Amniotic fluid provides lubrication between the fetus, amniotic membranes and the umbilical cord, which provides oxygen to the fetus. Without enough amniotic fluid, the umbilical cord can be decompressed by the fetus during contractions, preventing the fetus from getting enough oxygen.
When umbilical cord decompression occurs, saline solution can be passed through an IUPC to reduce the pressure on the cord. Women carrying herpes, hepatitis B or C viruses or HIV are advised not to do internal surveillance, as this can increase the likelihood that the baby will be infected with these viruses. .